Published: September 09, 2009
Swarms of Protons From Dark Matter Fill Universe; Create Loud Microwave Noise
By Jerome Drexler
Swarms of Protons From Dark Matter May Fill Universe; Create Loud Microwave Noise Detected by NASA
SILICON VALLEY, Calif., Sept.10 - A loud cosmic microwave noise recently discovered by a NASA balloon may be generated by synchrotron emission via multitudinous swarms of energy-exhausted protons zipping through magnetic fields throughout the universe. The origin of these swarms of "tired" relativistic protons could be relativistic-proton dark matter. Let us look into this.
Nine years ago the famous CERN (Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire) research establishment on the Franco-Swiss border published a graph in the CERN Courier (Vol. 35, No.10) entitled, "Cosmic-Ray Energy Distribution at the Earth." It depicts the density of cosmic-ray protons at energy levels from 10(9) to 10(20) electron-volts (eV). Although the graph may look innocuous, it may carry a key to unlocking the 75-year old mystery of the precise nature of the dark matter of the universe.
The significance of the CERN cosmic-ray graph to the subject of dark matter became increasingly apparent to Bell Labs-trained scientist Jerome Drexler as he was reading the news that NASA space balloon researchers had discovered a mysterious extra-loud radio noise that permeates the universe. The static-like noise signal, coming from all directions, appears to be an extragalactic, synchrotron-emission- based microwave noise, six times more intense than anyone predicted. This discovery is based upon noise measurements in microwave frequency bands at 3, 8, 10, 30, and 90 gigahertz, which peaked in NASA's detectors at 3 and 8 GHz. One of the four scientific papers of the researchers is entitled, "ARCADE 2 Observations of Galactic Radio Emission" and can be found at _http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.0562v1_ (http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.0562v1) .
ScienceDaily headlined its related article, "NASA Space Balloon Mission Tunes In To Cosmic Radio Mystery." Spacedaily's headline reads, "Loud noise permeates cosmos, NASA says." Science News' heading is, "Tuned In To New Noise From The Cosmos"; Sky & Telescope's headline is, "New Cosmic Background Radiation Found"; and that of Fox News is "Mystery Roar Detected From Faraway Space."
The NASA balloon researchers discovered the surprisingly strong, isotropic, extragalactic distributed, microwave noise power at a level estimated at six times higher than the combined microwave emission from all known microwave-radio sources in the universe. The spectrum of such microwave noise is consistent with that produced, by what are known as radio galaxies, via electrons spiraling in a magnetic field, which thereby emit microwave-radio noise through synchrotron emission. Synchrotron emission is electromagnetic radiation that is emitted from electrically-charged particles (protons or electrons) moving at relativistic velocities across transverse magnetic field lines, which accelerate the particles orthogonally.
The loud microwave noise is not accompanied by infrared thermal emission as in the case of well-known radio galaxies. But appears to be accompanied by bremsstrahlung emission radio noise, which is caused by the rapid deceleration of electrically-charged relativistic particles during collisions.
Apparently, the researchers believe the noise source does not match any known pattern from sources in the Milky Way or its halo and is not from some distant galaxies or from decaying particles of exotic dark matter.
Based upon the extragalactic distribution and the specific power-peaks of synchrotron microwave noise at the two lowest frequencies, the noise conceivably could have been generated by enormous swarms of energy-reduced relativistic-proton stragglers from Drexler's relativistic-proton dark matter.
The logic is as follows.
We know from the NASA balloon data that the peak synchrotron-emission microwave noise power occurs with detectors at the microwave frequencies of 3 and 8 GHz and we know the extragalactic magnetic field is about 10(-9) gauss, which are sufficient in conjunction with available astrophysics formulas to calculate the corresponding proton energies, which turn out to about 1.1 and 1.8 x 10(9) eV. (See "High Energy Cosmic Rays," Section 2.3.1, by Todor Stanev.)
The CERN graph shows that compared to a one proton per square meter per second flux for 10(11) eV protons, for proton energies at 1.1 and 1.8 x10(9) eV the proton flux is close to 10,000 times higher! Thus for protons with energies below 10(10) eV the total quantity of relativistic protons appears to represent a very significant fraction of all the relativistic protons zipping through the universe. (The CERN graph can be found on page 24 of Drexler's 2003 book, page 243 of his 2006 book, and page 203 of his 2008 book.)
Note that the synchrotron emission from a proton with energy of only 10(9) eV is so low that its subsequent energy decline would be negligible. The end result could be a universe filled with swarms of lowest-energy relativistic protons each generating low level, synchrotron-emission noise in or near the microwave range of 3 to 8 gigahertz that was detected by NASA. But the overall microwave synchrotron emission power from such multitudinous proton swarms would be so large that, taken together, they might represent a new form of cosmic microwave background radiation.
Drexler's relativistic-proton dark matter theory posits that there were not many low- energy protons immediately after the big bang; such low-energy protons evolved via synchrotron-emission energy losses and collisions and accumulated in swarms over billions of years. From the CERN graph data, it is possible to posit that swarms of energy- reduced straggler protons from relativistic-proton dark matter are a logical and plausible source of the loud microwave noise detected by the NASA balloon.
Drexler utilizes the overwhelming evidence provided in his three books, his two scientific papers, his Web site at _http://www.jeromedrexler.org/_ (http://www.jeromedrexler.org/) , the March 1990 paper by Nobel Laureate Harvard Prof. Sheldon L. Glashow, et al., entitled, "Charged Dark Matter," the September 2008 paper of University of Chicago's Prof. Rocky Kolb, et al., entitled, "Reopening the Window on Charged Dark Matter," the nature of the 1999 CERN cosmic-ray energy graph, and the loud microwave noise detected by the NASA balloon to support his 2003 claim that relativistic-proton dark matter is the dark matter of the universe.
The following five publications cover the nature of Drexler's relativistic-proton dark matter and utilize this 2003 discovery to provide plausible explanations for the universe's accelerating expansion, the source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, how the big bang satisfied the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what caused the initial hyper-inflation period of cosmic inflation, and the nature of the cosmic web. (1) Book, March 1, 2008, "Discovering Postmodern Cosmology: Discoveries in Dark Matter, Cosmic Web, Big Bang, Inflation, Cosmic Rays, Dark Energy, Accelerating Cosmos."
(2) Scientific paper, physics/0702132, Feb. 15 2007, "A Relativistic-Proton Dark Matter Would Be Evidence the Big Bang Probably Satisfied the Second Law of Thermodynamics."
(3) Book, May 22, 2006, "Comprehending and Decoding the Cosmos: Discovering Solutions to Over a Dozen Cosmic Mysteries by Utilizing Dark Matter Relationism, Cosmology, and Astrophysics."
(4) Scientific paper, astro-ph/0504512, April 22, 2005, "Identifying Dark Matter through the Constraints Imposed by Fourteen Astronomically Based 'Cosmic Constituents.'"
(5) Book, Dec. 15, 2003, "How Dark Matter Created Dark Energy and the Sun: An Astrophysics Detective Story."
The "Dark Matter Cosmology" Web site is at (http://www.jeromedrexler.org)
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