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Drexler Proposes Dark Matter Solution for a NASA 'Major Astronomical Puzzle'

A NASA-Goddard Web site says the location of "the missing baryons" is a "major astronomical puzzle." Science magazine published a January 2008 issue focusing on the universe's "missing baryons" and the "cosmic web." The issue features an article, "Missing Baryons and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium" by Harvard-Smithsonian scientists.

An introduction to the "missing baryons" mystery contains these excerpts: "The exact nature of the dark matter that makes up 95 percent of the cosmic web remains baffling, but things aren't much better for the remaining 5 percent that we can see. These are the baryons - protons and neutrons - that make up ordinary matter, yet we can account for only about half of the baryon mass predicted by the standard cosmological model. The missing baryons might be lurking in the cosmic web . ..."

Let us proceed on the possibility that the "missing baryons" have not been found because they are protons and helium nuclei at relativistic velocities. This approach is hopeful because Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter requires that a small mass of baryons - protons, neutrons, and helium nuclei - be an integral part of this dark matter, separated from the hydrogen and helium of the universe until the dark matter particles eventually slow down. This is explained in the 2003 book, "How Dark Matter Created Dark Energy and the Sun" and in the May 2006 book, "Comprehending and Decoding the Cosmos," both authored by Jerome Drexler.

Drexler discovered Relativistic-Proton Dark Matter, now called Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter, six years ago. This later led to his February 15, 2007 scientific paper published online on the physics arXiv entitled, "A Relativistic-Proton Dark Matter Would Be Evidence the Big Bang Probably Satisfied the Second Law of Thermodynamics." Basically, the paper argues that the Big Bang, which occurred at the beginning of time, must have satisfied the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thus, immediately after the Big Bang the entropy of the universe would be at the lowest level it would reach throughout all time.

According to the paper, the very low entropy could be achieved by the Big Bang firing out, in all directions, high-velocity ultra-high-energy (UHE) relativistic protons and helium nuclei, with the well-known atomic ratio of 12:1. A very high percentage of their energies would be available to do work since their entropy, would be very low. Such a Big Bang, characterized by a dispersion of UHE relativistic protons and helium nuclei, would be highly efficient and could create very high usable energy and very low entropy, and could be designated a Relativistic Big Bang.

About 83 percent of the Relativistic Big Bang's mass output would represent the universe's dark matter today, which should have a proton/helium nuclei ratio in the range of 12:1. This dark matter has been named Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter, but it could have been named Missing-Baryons Dark Matter.

Drexler has provided overwhelming evidence supporting Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter in astro-cosmology books published in 2003 and 2006 and in scientific papers published online on the physics arXiv in 2005 and 2007. This same dark matter candidate has proven itself over and over again during the past three years in providing published plausible solutions to over two dozen cosmic mysteries.

For recent examples, on December 11, 2007, Drexler published online a plausible solution to a fundamental mystery involving "cosmic inflation". On November 26, 2007 he published plausible solutions online to mysteries involving the departing locations and the energy source for the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray protons detected by the Pierre Auger detectors in Argentina.

Considering the above, the Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter could provide a plausible solution for the mystery of the "missing baryons."

The Science article, "Missing Baryons and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium," says, "Today we can account for less than 50 percent of the baryon mass [protons and neutrons] predicted by the Standard Cosmological Model (SCM), implying that at least 50 percent of the baryons are now 'missing.'"

The article indicates that 10 billion years ago baryonic matter appeared to total more than twice as much as it does now. The missing portion is normal baryonic matter made up of protons and neutrons, which includes helium nuclei.

In the Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter theory the dark matter of the universe makes up about 25 percent of the total mass-energy of the universe, matching the SCM estimate. Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter is comprised of a "baryon mass" of protons and helium nuclei rapidly moving near the speed of light, thereby containing an enormous energy, represented by an order-of-magnitude higher "relativistic mass" than the "baryon mass." This "relativistic mass" represents the mass-energy equivalence under Einstein's 1905 Special Theory of Relativity.

According to Drexler, Relativistic-Baryon Dark Matter is comprised of a "baryon mass" speeding at relativistic velocities. This "baryon mass" could represent the entire universe's "missing baryons" or a portion of it. Perhaps Harvard-Smithsonian, NASA, and Science magazine should research this approach to solving the "major astronomical puzzle" of the "missing baryons" as well as the major mystery of "dark matter" itself.

When it was discovered that Drexler's dark matter theory and cosmology were able to solve more than 15 unsolved cosmic mysteries, Drexler authored the May 22, 2006 book entitled, "Comprehending and Decoding the Cosmos: Discovering Solutions to Over a Dozen Cosmic Mysteries by Utilizing Dark Matter Relationism, Cosmology, and Astrophysics." The book further developed the cosmology theory and described and explained solutions to the more than 15 enigmas.

This book is now cataloged and available in over 40 astronomy or physics libraries around the world including libraries at Harvard, Stanford, Yale, UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz, Cornell, Harvard-Smithsonian, Vassar, and the universities of Hawaii, Toronto, Illinois, Edinburgh, Hamburg, Goettingen, Groningen, Copenhagen, Chile, Bologna, Helsinki, Lisbon, Guadalajara, and Kyoto, and the Max-Planck-Institut for Astrophysik.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Jerome Drexler is a former NJIT Research Professor in physics at New Jersey Institute of Technology, founder and former Chairman and chief scientist of LaserCard Corp. (Nasdaq: LCRD) and former Member of the Technical Staff of Bell Laboratories. He has been awarded 76 U.S. patents, honorary Doctor of Science degrees from NJIT and Upsala College, a degree of Honorary Fellow of the Technion, an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship at Stanford University, a three-year Bell Labs graduate study fellowship, the 1990 "Inventor of the Year Award" for Silicon Valley and recognition as the inventor of the familiar "Laser Optical Storage System." He is a member of the NJIT Board of Overseers and an Honorary Life Member of the Technion Board of Governors.